Design and manufacture of automobile engines

As the voice of environmental protection is getting higher and higher, government departments in many countries and regions have formulated strict environmental protection regulations, which have had a great impact on the design and manufacturing technology of automobile engines. The development of oil specifications is changing with each passing day. The international engine oil development trend is that the quality requirements of lubricating oil continue to increase, and the specifications of engine oil are developing rapidly.

At present, two major organizations, the AC International Lubricant Standardization and Accreditation Committee, represented by the United States and Japan, and the European Automobile Manufacturers’ Federation in Europe, have formed in the world. Each has formulated engine oil specifications and required test methods, and there are different Focus. Such specifications lead the development of global lubricants, and whether they can be unified is the concern of the lubricant industry.

The difference between gasoline engine oil development in the United States and Europe. The driving force of gasoline engine oil development is mainly to save natural resources and protect the environment. Therefore, the fuel-saving performance of automobiles is still an important issue. However, the United States and Europe have adopted different policies to promote fuel economy.

The policy of the United States is to formulate a manufacturer’s average fuel economy, such as light-duty trucks and dual-purpose vehicles. The maximum limit is a fine of $50 per vehicle for every more than one. This approach directly puts pressure on automakers. The fuel-saving policy in Europe is to charge fuel consumption tax. For example, the French gasoline tax is 7 for Germany and the United Kingdom, while the United States only directly imposes a great burden on car owners and indirectly passes the pressure on car manufacturers. The fuel-saving policy has a greater impact on the development of lubricants. Due to different focuses, different trends appear in Europe and the United States. Europe pays more attention to the oil change period, which has been continuously extended.

For example, the recommended oil change period of Volkswagen in Germany is 30 or even 30 for the new specification. In the United States, due to the emphasis on fuel-saving performance, the anti-friction performance of oil products has been continuously improved. The mileage per liter of gasoline in the US car fleet has increased from about 47. It can be seen that improving friction reduction is directly related to improving fuel economy.

The difference in the development trend of lubricants in the United States and Europe has led to differences in the composition of lubricant formulations. Table US and European engine oil formulation composition comparison project performance comparison dispersant level detergent level anti-wear agent level anti-oxidant level Lu Viscosity index improver shear stability ratio friction modifier level ratio developed a program test, used for the fuel economy test of the next generation gasoline engine oil.

The second aging stage is equivalent to driving to evaluate fuel economy and fuel economy durability. Judging from the test of Hone Oil, the fuel economy decreases with the extension of working hours, so the other key is the durability of fuel economy. Similarly, characteristics and fuel economy evaluation methods have also been developed. The fuel economy tested by this method also decreases with working hours. Fuel economy durability is also an important aspect of the development of its new specifications.

The development trend of gasoline engine oil The United States and Japan emphasize fuel economy, while Europe pursues a longer oil change period. It is impossible for the United States and Japan to sacrifice fuel economy and Europe to sacrifice the oil change period. Whether the gasoline engine oil standards can be unified in the future remains to be further studied and negotiated.

The direct background for the ingenious development of new specifications of gasoline engine oil* is better fuel economy, and has better fuel economy durability, emission system protection, and better protection of high temperature deposits. Another driving factor is to eliminate lead in all tests. Gasoline and more new models of engines used in the test. Compared with a performance, see the performance of the table and specifications are more stringent.

The 　　 specification improves the smoke control ability, and requires its dispersion ability to be good. There are certain requirements for the dispersant and base oil, otherwise, the performance requirements will not be met. Another obvious improvement is the addition of evaluation tests for valve system wear. It is the *new diesel engine oil specification formulated by Europe to meet the requirements of engines that meet the European emission standards. Its performance and related bench tests are shown in the table. The global standard performance level of diesel engine oil is a starting point for establishing a global standard for diesel engine oil. The establishment of a unified global standard for diesel engine oil is currently only possible, and there is no substantial progress.

Conclusion Environmental regulations have become the biggest driving force for the development of engine oil. Due to the energy-saving differences represented by the United States and Japan, and Europe as the representative, gasoline engine oil cannot achieve global uniform standards. But for each specification, fuel economy durability is the key to the next generation of gasoline engine oil technology. Due to the convergence of diesel engine design due to environmental protection regulations, Qiaohe is closer to diesel engine oil specifications, and it is possible to establish a global unified standard.

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