How to solve the error caused by the tool radial runout?

In the CNC cutting process, there are many reasons for machining errors. The error caused by the tool radial runout is an important factor among them. It directly affects the minimum shape error and the machined surface that the machine tool can achieve under ideal machining conditions. Geometry accuracy. In actual cutting, the radial runout of the tool affects the machining accuracy, surface roughness, uneven wear of the tool and the cutting process characteristics of the multi-tooth tool. The greater the radial runout of the tool, the more unstable the machining state of the tool, and the more it affects the machining effect. The following is a brief analysis from cncmachining.wiki, how does Huiwen engineer solve the error caused by the tool radial runout when encountering this kind of problem?

Causes of Cnc Machining radial runout

The manufacturing error and clamping error of the tool and spindle components cause the drift and eccentricity between the tool axis and the ideal rotation axis of the spindle, as well as the specific processing technology and tooling, etc., which may cause the radial runout of the CNC milling machine tool during processing.

1. The influence of the radial runout of the spindle itself

The main reasons for the radial runout error of the main shaft are the coaxiality error of each journal of the main shaft, the various errors of the bearing itself, the coaxiality error between the bearings, the deflection of the main shaft, etc., and their influence on the radial rotation accuracy of the main shaft It varies with the processing method. These factors are formed in the process of manufacturing and assembling the machine tool, and it is difficult for the operator of the machine tool to avoid their influence.

2. The impact of the inconsistency between the CNC machining tool center and the spindle rotation center

When the tool is installed on the spindle, if the center of the tool is inconsistent with the center of rotation of the spindle, it will inevitably lead to radial runout of the tool. The specific influencing factors are: the fit of the tool and the chuck, whether the method of loading the tool is correct, and the quality of the tool itself.

3. The impact of specific processing technology

The radial runout of the tool during machining is mainly because the radial cutting force aggravates the radial runout. The radial cutting force is the radial component of the total cutting force. It will cause the workpiece to bend and deform and produce vibration during processing. It is the main component that affects the quality of the workpiece. It is mainly affected by factors such as cutting amount, tool and workpiece material, tool geometric angle, lubrication method and processing method.

Method to reduce radial runout of Cnc Processing plant

The radial runout of the tool during machining is mainly because the radial cutting force aggravates the radial runout. Therefore, reducing the radial cutting force is an important principle to reduce the radial runout. The following methods can be used to reduce radial runout:

1. Use sharp knives

Choose a larger rake angle to make the tool sharper to reduce cutting force and vibration. Choose a larger clearance angle of the tool to reduce the friction between the main clearance surface of the tool and the elastic recovery layer of the transition surface of the workpiece, thereby reducing vibration. However, the rake angle and the back angle of the tool cannot be selected too large, otherwise the strength and heat dissipation area of ​​the tool will be insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to select different tool rake angles and back angles according to the specific conditions. The rough machining can be smaller, but in the finishing machining, for the consideration of reducing the radial runout of the tool, it should be larger to make the tool Sharper.

2. Use strong tools

There are two main ways to increase the strength of the tool. One is to increase the diameter of the tool holder. Under the condition of the same radial cutting force, the diameter of the tool holder increases by 20%, and the radial runout of the tool can be reduced by 50%. The second is to reduce the protruding length of the tool. The greater the protruding length of the tool, the greater the deformation of the tool during processing. When processing is in constant change, the radial runout of the tool will continue to change, resulting in a workpiece Similarly, if the machining surface is not smooth, the extension length of the tool is reduced by 20%, and the radial runout of the tool is also reduced by 50%.

3. The rake face of the tool should be smooth

During machining, the smooth rake face can reduce the friction of the chips on the tool, and can also reduce the cutting force on the tool, thereby reducing the radial runout of the tool.

4. Spindle taper hole and chuck cleaning

The spindle taper hole and the chuck are clean, and there should be no dust and debris generated during the processing of the workpiece. When selecting a machining tool, try to use a tool with a shorter extension length to load the knife, and the force should be reasonable and even, not too large or too small. Huiwen Zhizao is a machining factory with more than ten years of CNC machining experience. It has complete equipment, CNC turning/milling/grinding/drilling/processing. Partners with parts processing needs are welcome to contact us for quotation.

5. Choose a reasonable amount of knife

If the amount of cutting tool is too small, the phenomenon of machining slippage will occur, which will cause the continuous change of the radial runout of the tool during machining. When the machined surface is not smooth, the cutting force will increase accordingly. It will cause large deformation of the tool, increase the radial runout of the tool during machining, and also make the machined surface not smooth.

6. Use up milling in finishing

As the gap position between the lead screw and the nut changes during down milling, it will cause uneven feed of the worktable, resulting in shock and vibration, affecting the life of the machine tool and tool, and the surface roughness of the workpiece. When up-milling, the cutting thickness changes from small to large, and the load of the tool also changes from small to large, so that the tool is more stable during processing. Note that this is only used for finishing, and down milling should be used for roughing. This is because the productivity of down milling is high and the service life of the tool can be guaranteed.

7. Reasonable use of cutting fluid

Reasonable use of cutting fluid, mainly cooling water solution, has little effect on cutting force. The cutting oil whose main function is lubrication can significantly reduce the cutting force. Because of its lubricating effect, it can reduce the friction between the tool rake face and the chip and between the flank face and the transition surface of the workpiece, thereby reducing the tool radial runout.

Practice has proved that as long as the accuracy of the manufacturing and assembly of each part of the machine tool is ensured, and a reasonable process and tooling are selected, the impact of the radial runout of the tool on the machining accuracy of the workpiece can be minimized.

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